Guppy

Poecilia reticulata

"Fair Choice" Pet Fair Choice

The Guppy, also known as the millionfish, is one of the most popular freshwater aquarium fish in the world. It is native to eastern South America (Venezuela Guyana, Brazil) and several adjacent island groups (Barbados, Netherlands Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago, the US Virgin Islands). Wild fish generally are found in small streams and ponds but can tolerate a range of water conditions.

The pet trade features a wide variety of Guppies. The plain-looking "wild" Guppy is very hardy and breeds quickly in captivity. Selective breeding by aquarists has also created "Fancy” Guppies. These are highly variable in appearance, featuring a range of bright colors and graceful fan-like or spiked tails.

Did You Know?

The Guppy, also known as the millionfish, is one of the most popular freshwater aquarium fish in the world.

Source Sustainability Best Choice

Does the harvest for wildlife trade or captive breeding of this species harm wild populations?

Little Cause for Concern

Guppy populations appear to be thriving in their native range. Guppies will often use deteriorated habitats in rivers where few other species can occur.

PetWatch Recommendation:

Only acquire a pet that is from a reputable, USDA-licensed breeder or dealer to ensure that you are not buying an illegally wild-caught and/or imported animal.

Invasion Threat Worst Choice

Does the release or escape of this species into the wild harm the environment and/or economy?

Significant Cause for Concern

Guppies have successfully established wild populations in at least 32 countries in the Americas, Europe, Asia, Australasia, and Africa. Some introductions have been accidental but there has also been deliberate release for mosquito control (guppies eat mosquito larvae). In some locations these introductions have been harmful to native fishes; in others, no impact has been recorded.

PetWatch Recommendation:

Always keep your Guppy inside a safe and secure enclosure. Never release a pet into the wild.

Animal Welfare Fair Choice

Does harvest, captive breeding, transport, or being kept as a pet harm individual animals?

Some Cause for Concern

Due to years of inbreeding to select for specific color morphs, the domestic Guppy has grown weaker, less able to tolerate environmental change. As a result, pet Guppies sometimes die when they experience stress or changes in the aquarium temperature or pH.

PetWatch Recommendation:

Before acquiring a Guppy, be sure to research its specific care requirements. Talk to your veterinarian about the proper diet and housing for your pet.

Health Threat Fair Choice

Does this animal pose a health risk to native wildlife, humans, livestock and agriculture?

Some Cause for Concern

Guppies are known to carry various parasites and pathogens. In particular Guppies are known to harbor Mycobacteria that can cause disease in fish and skin infections in humans. Guppies may be carriers of these bacteria even if they appear to be healthy. People with compromised immune systems are susceptible to these skin infections, commonly known as “fish-handler’s disease.”

PetWatch Recommendation:

When purchasing a pet Guppy ask for proof of a clean bill of health. Ask the seller if the animal has been checked by a certified veterinarian and for a list of any medical treatments the animal has received.

EcoHealth Alliance works at the intersection of ecosystem, animal and human health through local conservation programs and develops global health solutions to emerging diseases.
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